Contributed by Michael J. Faley, November 26, 2019
In Stanley Kubrick’s 1968 epic 2001:
A Space Odyssey, HAL 9000, a fictional artificial intelligence machine,
helps guide a space mission to Jupiter, but through the course of the film is
revealed to be a villainous presence. Fast forward 50 years and, although
artificial intelligence (AI) has yet to lead a crew of astronauts to Jupiter,
AI now pervades our lives in many seen and unseen ways, including employment
recruiting. For example, AI commonly helps companies sort through
voluminous resumes to identify qualified candidates. By some estimates,
roughly 40 percent of employers have included AI in the hiring process.
Most recently, AI “interview bots” have
become a popular tool in HR departments. They utilize different algorithms
and methods to evaluate a candidate’s facial expressions, body language, word
choice and tone among other factors to create a candidate profile or provide
feedback to the employer. While HAL has not reached the workplace just
yet, AI interview bots have raised some concerns particularly in
Illinois.
Effective
January 1, 2020, Illinois will regulate AI interviewing programs through the
first-of-its-kind Artificial Intelligence Video Interview Act, 820 ILCS 42/5.
An employer that asks applicants to record video interviews and uses AI
analysis when considering applicants for positions based in Illinois must take
steps before asking applicants to submit to the video interviews. The
employer must:
(1)
Notify each applicant before the interview that AI may be used to analyze the
applicant’s video interview and consider the applicant’s fitness for the
position.
(2)
Provide each applicant with information before the interview explaining how the
AI works and what general types of characteristics it uses to evaluate
applicants.
(3)
Obtain, before the interview, consent from the applicant to be evaluated by the
AI program.
An employer may not use AI to evaluate
applicants who have not consented to the use of AI analysis and may only share
a video interview with persons whose expertise or technology are necessary to
assess the applicant’s fitness for a position. The video interview also
must be destroyed within 30 days upon request of the applicant. However,
the new law leaves some questions unanswered, including what exactly qualifies
as AI and what are the specific consequences for a violation.
Illinois has emerged as something of a
leader in workplace technology laws, now regulating both AI and the use of
employee biometric information. It is perhaps appropriate given HAL’s
fictional creation at the University of Illinois. Illinois employers that
utilize these technologies in the workplace need to stay attuned to the recent
regulatory developments before they create very real legal
headaches.